Fundamentals, Forex Theory, Forex Trading 101, Forex Trading Strategies, GBP/JPY, GBP/USD,National Futures Association, NZD/USD, USD/CAD, USD/CHF, USD/JPY

Although forex is the largest financial market in the world, it is relatively unfamiliar terrain for retail traders. Until the popularization of internet trading a few years ago, FX was primarily the domain of large financial institutions, multinational corporations and secretive hedge funds. But times have changed, and individual investors are hungry for information on this fascinating market. Whether you are an FX novice or just need a refresher course on the basics of currency trading, read on to find the answers to the most frequently asked questions about the forex market.

Tutorial: The Ultimate Guide To Forex TradingHow does the forex market differ from other markets?Unlike stocks, futures or options, currency trading does not take place on a regulated exchange. It is not controlled by any central governing body, there are no clearing houses to guarantee the trades and there is no arbitration panel to adjudicate disputes. All members trade with each other based on credit agreements. Essentially, business in the largest, most liquid market in the world depends on nothing more than a metaphorical handshake.

At first glance, this ad-hoc arrangement must seem bewildering to investors who are used to structured exchanges such as the NYSE or CME. (To learn more, see Getting To Know Stock Exchanges.) However, this arrangement works exceedingly well in practice; because participants in FX must both compete and cooperate with each other, self regulation provides very effective control over the market. Furthermore, reputable retail FX dealers in the United States become members of the National Futures Association (NFA), and by doing so they agree to binding arbitration in the event of any dispute. Therefore, it is critical that any retail customer who contemplates trading currencies do so only through an NFA member firm.

The FX market is different from other markets in some other key ways that are sure to raise eyebrows. Think that the EUR/USD is going to spiral downward? Feel free to short the pair at will. There is no uptick rule in FX as there is in stocks. There are also no limits on the size of your position (as there are in futures); so, in theory, you could sell $100 billion worth of currency if you had the capital to do it. If your biggest Japanese client, who also happens to golf with the governor of the Bank of Japan tells you on the golf course that BOJ is planning to raise rates at its next meeting, you could go right ahead and buy as much yen as you like. No one will ever prosecute you for insider trading should your bet pay off. There is no such thing as insider trading in FX; in fact, European economic data, such as German employment figures, are often leaked days before they are officially released.

Before we leave you with the impression that FX is the Wild West of finance, we should note that this is the most liquid and fluid market in the world. It trades 24 hours a day, from 5pm EST Sunday to 4pm EST Friday, and it rarely has any gaps in price. Its sheer size and scope (from Asia to Europe toNorth America) makes the currency market the most accessible market in the world.

Dollar Index Reaches 2-Week High as Fed View Boosts U.S. Yields

The Dollar Index rose to a two-week high as the yield differential between U.S. and Japanese government securities increased to the widest in almost two years, increasing the appeal of dollar-denominated assets.

The U.S. currency rose against all but one of its 16 major counterparts before U.S. reports tomorrow that economists said will show durable-goods orders gained and house pricesincreased as the Federal Reserve may reduce monetary stimulus. A gauge of currency volatility climbed to the highest since June 2012. Chinese stocks fell the most in four years, damping investor interest in riskier currencies. The Swedish krona slid to a seven-month low versus the dollar.

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Stacks of U.S. $100 bills are arranged for a photograph in New York, U.S. Photographer: Scott Eells/Bloomberg

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June 20 (Bloomberg) -- Ford Motor Co. Chief Executive Officer Alan Mulally talks about Japan's currency policy, the automaker's production in Asia and growth strategy in China. He speaks with Bloomberg's Stephen Engle in Nanchang, China. (Source: Bloomberg)

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June 19 (Bloomberg) -- Mitul Kotecha, the global head of foreign-exchange strategy at Credit Agricole SA in Hong Kong, talks about Japan's currency, government and central bank policies. Kotecha also discusses the prospects for Federal Reserve policy and emerging-market currencies. He speaks with Rishaad Salamat on Bloomberg Television's "On the Move." (Source: Bloomberg)

“Long-term yields in the U.S. have continued to jump higher over the last week,” Charles St-Arnaud, a foreign-exchange strategist at Nomura Holdings Inc. in New York, said in a telephone interview. “That’s driving some inflows and strength into the U.S. dollar. There’s been a reassessment of the whole liquidity story and what will be the impact on rates across the board.”

The Dollar Index, which Intercontinental Exchange Inc. uses to monitor the U.S. currency against those of six trading partners, rose 0.3 percent to 82.531 at 8:57 a.m. in New York after climbing to the highest level since June 5.

CURRENCY LEVELS

The dollar advanced 0.2 percent to $1.3101 per euro after appreciating to the strongest level since June 6. The U.S. currency weakened 0.4 percent to at 97.50 yen. The yen added 0.5 percent to 127.77 per euro.

JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s Group of Seven Volatility Index, based on currency option premiums, rose to as high as 11.83 percent today, the most since June 1, 2012. The gauge has averaged 8.76 percent in the past year.

Sweden’s krona declined versus all 16 of its major peers as the CSI 300 Index of Chinese stocks fell the most in four years, signaling a bear market. The currency dropped 1.3 percent to 6.7550 per dollar after depreciating to the least since Nov. 21. It has tumbled 4.4 percent in the past week.

The Norwegian krone fell against the majority of its most-traded counterparts, slipping as much as 1.6 percent to 6.1539, the lowest since July 17.

TREASURY YIELDS

Treasuries due in two years yielded 0.28 percentage point more than similar maturity Japanese sovereign debt, the biggest premium since July 2011, according to Bloomberg data.

“The fundamental picture for the dollar is clearly positive,” said Marcus Hettinger, a currency strategist at Credit Suisse Group AG in Zurich. “The expectation that the Federal Reserve may start reducing asset purchases leads to higher U.S. yields supporting the dollar.”

The Dollar Index jumped 1 percent on June 19 when Chairman Ben S. Bernanke said policy makers may begin reducing their quantitative-easing program this year and end it in mid-2014 if the economy is achieving the central bank’s objectives. The Fed purchases $85 billion of bonds each month.

Fed Bank of Dallas President Richard Fisher, one of the most vocal critics of the central bank’s quantitative easing, is due to talk about U.S. monetary policy and the economy today in London. This week will also see speeches from Bank of Atlanta President Dennis Lockhart, Bank of Richmond President Jeffrey Lacker, Bank of Cleveland President Sandra Pianalto and Bank of San Francisco President John Williams.

U.S. durable-goods orders increased 3 percent in May after rising a revised 3.5 percent the previous month, according to a Bloomberg News survey before tomorrow’s Commerce Department report. The S&P/Case-Shiller index of home values for 20 cities climbed 10.6 percent for the year ended April after a 10.9 percent gain in March that was the biggest since 2006, a separate survey showed.

U.S. Stocks Tumble as S&P 500 Extends Monthly Decline

 retreated, sending the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index to a nine-week low, as Chinese equities entered a bear market amid concern a cash crunch will hurt the world’s second-largest economy and speculation increased that the U.S. will begin curbing stimulus.

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Traders work on the floor at the New York Stock Exchange on June 21, 2013. Photographer: Timothy Clary/AFP via Getty Images

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The S&P 500 sank 2.1 percent last week, the most since April 19, after the Federal Reserve said it may start paring stimulus measures as soon as September if the economy improves in line with its forecasts. Photographer: Jin Lee/Bloomberg

Bank of America Corp. and Citigroup Inc. slid more than 2.8 percent as banks tumbled. Barrick Gold Corp. led gold producers lower as the precious metal traded near a 2 1/2-year low. Deere & Co. lost 3.2 percent as JPMorgan Chase & Co. recommended selling the shares. Vanguard Health Systems Inc. surged 67 percent after agreeing to be bought by Tenet Healthcare Corp. for about $1.8 billion.

The S&P 500 (SPX) fell 1.7 percent to 1,565.07 at 10:01 a.m. inNew York, the lowest level on a closing basis since April 22. The Dow Jones Industrial Average slipped 239.03 points, or 1.6 percent, to 14,560.37. Trading in S&P 500 stocks was 33 percent above the 30-day average during this time of day.

“Investors have been shaken by the concept of rising interest rates and a reduction in stimulus from the Federal Reserve, coupled with the uncertainty regarding effectively how robust the Chinese central banking system is,” Ethan Anderson, senior portfolio manager for Rehmann Financial in Grand Rapids, Michigan, said by phone. His firm manages about $1.5 billion. “We found ourselves in a headline-dependent environment, which is difficult for investors to function.”

The CSI 300 Index (SHSZ300) of China’s biggest companies tumbled 6.3 percent, the most since August 2009 and taking its decline from this year’s peak to more than 20 percent. China’s central bank said there’s a reasonable amount of liquidity in the financial system and urged banks to control risks from credit expansion, signaling no relief from a cash squeeze.

CHINA RATES

China’s benchmark money-market rates last week climbed to a record as the central bank refrained from using open-market operations to ease the cash crunch. The rates still fell for a second day today.

The S&P 500 (SPX) sank 2.1 percent last week, the most since April 19, after the Federal Reserve said it may start paring stimulus measures as soon as September if the economy improves in line with its forecasts.

The benchmark index is down 3.9 percent in June, on course for the biggest monthly drop since May 2012. The gauge has declined 6.2 percent since its May 21 high amid speculation the Fed will scale back quantitative easing that helped fuel a rally in stocks worldwide. The index has stillrallied 132 percent from its March 2009 low.

‘GREAT PERFORMANCE’

“We’ve had this great performance in stocks without great economic growth,” Larry Kantor, the New York-based head of research at Barclays Plc, told Anna Edwards on Bloomberg Television. “Those days are over. I suspect over the next couple of months U.S. growth is going to be a little weaker than people are anticipating.”

Treasuries slumped today, pushing the 10-year yield as high as 2.66 percent, a level not seen since August 2011, before data this week that may add to the case for the Fed to slow bond purchases. Reports tomorrow may show U.S. durable-goods orders rose and house pricescontinued to recover, according to Bloomberg surveys of economists.

While U.S. equity volatility reached a six-month high last week, expected stock swings are less than half as much as peaks in the last four years and traders are pricing in little increase for the rest of the year.

VOLATILITY INDEX

The Chicago Board Options Exchange Volatility Index (VIX) jumped 10 percent to 18.9 for the week. Even after the gauge of options prices on the S&P 500 increased 67 percent since March, it would have to rise 134 percent more to reach its average high of 44 from 2009 to 2012, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. VIX futures expiring in six months trade only 10 percent higher than the index. The gauge jumped 13 percent to 21.45 today.

Financial shares tumbled. Bank of America dropped 3.2 percent to $12.29. Citigroup slipped 2.8 percent to $45.56.

Barrick Gold declined 4.9 percent to $16.06. The precious metal dropped to the lowest since September 2010.

Deere lost 3.2 percent to $79.82 as JPMorgan cut its rating on the world’s largest agricultural-equipment maker to underweight, similar to a sell recommendation, from neutral. Lower crop prices and higher land rent costs may drive profit-per-acre lower, analysts led by Ann Duignanwrote.

Allergan (AGN) Inc. slipped 8.1 percent to $85.15. Deutsche Bank AG downgraded the maker of the Botox wrinkle treatment to hold from buy and Leerink Swann LLC trimmed its recommendation to market perform from outperform.

Vanguard Health Systems jumped 67 percent to $20.61. Tenet will pay $21 a share in cash for the Nashville, Tennessee-based hospital operator and will assume $2.5 billion of Vanguard debt, the companies said in a joint statement

The Foreign Exchange Market for Beginners

The foreign exchange market or forex market as it is often called is the market in which currencies are traded. Currency Trading is the world’s largest market consisting of almost trillion in daily volume and as investors learn more and become more interested, the market continues to rapidly grow. Not only is the forex market the largest market in the world, but it is also the most liquid, differentiating it from the other markets. In addition, there is no central marketplace for the exchange of currency, but instead the trading is conducted over-the-counter. Unlike the stock market, this decentralization of the market allows traders to choose from a number of different dealers to make trades with and allows for comparison of prices. Typically, the larger a dealer is the better access they have to pricing at the largest banks in the world, and are able to pass that on to their clients. The spot currency market is open twenty-four hours a day, five days a week, with currencies being traded around the world in all of the major financial centers.Learn more about currency trading online.

All trades that take place in the foreign exchange market involve the buying of one currency and the selling of another currency simultaneously. This is because the value of one currency is determined by its comparison to another currency. The first currency of a currency pair is called the “base currency,” while the second currency is called the counter currency. The currency pair shows how much of the counter currency is needed to purchase one unit of the base currency. Currency pairs can be thought of as a single unit that can be bought or sold. When purchasing a currency pair, the base currency is being bought, while the counter currency is being sold. The opposite is true, when the sale of a currency pair takes place. There are four major currency pairs that are traded most often in the foreign exchange market. These include the EUR/USD, USD/JPY, GBP/USD, and USD/CHF.

Forex Capital Markets (FXCM) is an online currency trading firm that offers a free demo account to traders who are new and interested in the foreign exchange market. Registering for a demo account allows a new trader to download the online trading platform that is used by the company’s clients trading live accounts and make trades as if they were doing it with real money. The demo account is an excellent way to experiment with the foreign exchange market while learning your way around the trading platform. It allows you to experience every step of currency trading including choosing currency pairs, deciding how much risk to take, tracking the time and dates of placed trades, deciding how long to stay in the trade, and when to exit the trade. It also allows the placing of stop and limit orders on trades.

Information about trading and specifically about how to use the online trading platform can be found on the FXCM webpage. In addition, FXCM offers FREE interactive online seminars that are extremely useful to both new and experienced currency traders. These “educational webinars,” as they are called are run by experienced financial strategists and range in topics from trading specific news events to trading the Euro. In addition to the webinars, FXCM also offers numerous online courses that teach investors how to trade the currency market